常见翻译问题解答

译洁厦门翻译公司讲解“Dry-eyed”的词义处理

“Dry-eyed” 一词,不见于韦氏系统的三种常见词书,亦不见于《新英汉间典》等几种英汉 询典3但收录了 “dry-eyed”的词典也是有的, 如 LDCE:


dry-eyed... (of a person) not weeping; not showing sadness


                                      一 Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 1978


据此,“dry-eyed”共有两义:不在哭的;面无哀色的。果然如此,则理解下列句子,是没有问题了:


…and Krupskaya, who had been dry-eyed at Lenin's funeral, broke down and wept.


                                     一 Robert H, McNeal:


                                         Bride of the Revolution, 


                                         The University of Michigan


                                         University Press, 1972, p.248


不用说,句中的“dry-eyed”乃“not weeping”之意。但下而这句中的“dry-eyed”,又该怎么理解呢?


The State Department has taken a very dry-eyed view of the Soviet peace offensive. "They want to be able to say,‘Gee,we're really peace- loving folks — see all the things we've proposed', " shrugs one department strategist.


                                    — Newsweek, March 30, 1981, p. 12


如守住 Longman Dictionary of Contempory English就“dry-eyed”所给的词义,是无法理解的:美国国务院对苏联“和平”攻势的看法既非“not weeping”又非“not showing sadness”。那么,该用什么方法去理解该句中“dry-eyed”的涵义呢? 


这就要求译者抓住有关词书的弱点:注意了词的局部涵义而忽视了一般涵义(前者有同志称之为“枝义”,而后者亦称“根义”)。针对这一弱点,译者宜撇开词典中“dry-eyed”的释义,而从“dry”的词义中去求“dry-eyed”的词义了。比如说,COD(1976年版)中“dry” 一词的第“8”义就是:


“8. Impassive, unsympathetic, stiff, hard, cold; (of jest, sarcasm, humour) expressed in matter-of-fact tone with pretended unawareness”


从“dry”的这些词义出发,参照“dry-eyed”所处的上下文,就不难认定“dry-eyed view”的涵义乃是“冷眼观察”、“无动于衷”之类的意思。

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